During the five years of President Xi Jinping’s first term, Chinese economic growth was 7.1% p.a. on average, the lowest of the last 25 years, but the strongest of all emerging markets and even stronger when compared with developed countries. After climbing to first place in the global ranking in 2013, the Chinese economy has only widened the gap with the United States. Its GDP in purchasing power parity terms was 20% greater than that of the US in 2016. China has no lack of first-place distinctions. With more than 18% of the world’s GDP and a population of 1.4 billion, the highest in the world, China has taken first place in many areas as its economy has grown. And it is probably not ready to stop, even if its growth is showing structural decline.
Archives par catégories : Emerging
The argument that a weak dollar explains the outperformance of emerging markets is, well, weak
Since the beginning of the year, the MSCI Emerging Markets has advanced by 25%, and is now flirting with its August 2014 level. This follows two disastrous years during which the index lost up to 30% of its value. Even though it has been amplified by the weak dollar, this performance illustrates how emerging markets have come alive again over the past three months. In local currency, Brazil and Turkey, the most dynamic of them, have risen by 7-12%, while the vast majority of the others—Colombia, China, South Africa, Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Russia—have seen 4-8% rises. In other words, emerging markets have been more or less spared the upheavals affecting the developed world since the middle of the summer. This outperformance is often attributed to the beneficial effects of the decline in the dollar, but the real causes seem more complex. Let’s take a look.
Mind your Back!
France is stumbling, Germany weakening, the U.S. wobbling, Brazil is down a match point and J. Bullard has promised us rate hikes by March… the summer is going to be a real barn burner! Will M&A activity be robust enough to continue to fuel investor confidence?
It’s looking like things are getting tight, considering recent economic developments and central banks’ bungled messages. Let’s take a closer look at the most disruptive factors from the week.
– Euro area: if Germany is a locomotive, is France the caboose?
– U.S. growth will not exceed 1.5% this year
– It’s match point in Brazil
– Beware of the impatience of certain central bankers
Global investment: lingering disappointment
The improvement in the global economic backdrop since late 2013 has not provided the desired results when it comes to investment. Although the European recovery has shown a few positive signs, an overview of global investment trends continues to paint a disappointing picture:
- In the U.S., where recent corporate earnings and leading indicators have fallen short of expectations;
- In Japan, where the 2013 rally remains highly dependent on companies’ export performance, which has become somewhat of a mixed bag;
- In the emerging world, where many Asian countries are confronted with excess capacities, at a time when most big countries are now paying the price for their structural shortcomings;
- In Europe, where – unlike the rest of the world – leading indicators are actually encouraging: could the region rise to the challenge? Of course, such a scenario is unrealistic
The extended absence of an improvement in investment prospects is one the most troubling constraint for future economic development. We discuss this topic in further detail in « Investment inertia: what is at stake« .
Chinese slowdown: time to face the fatcs
Excuses for China’s poor external trade figures in March were in no short supply. Exports were down sharply for the second straight month, falling 6.6% compared with March 2013. February’s 18% cliff dive was chalked up to distortions from the timing of the New Year holiday; similarly, March data was said to be the result of abnormally strong results the year before. For the 11% slide in imports, falling commodity prices are to be blamed. So there is no need to worry, China is going through a rough patch but government stimulus is already righting the ship…
China: desperately seeking growth drivers
How bad has the Chinese economy gotten to warrant such a firm reaction by Chinese authorities in recent weeks?
Since mid-January, the People’s Bank of China has orchestrated a 3% fall in the yuan. Our suspicions of a shift in currency policy are being confirmed and if such a move was intended to spark volatility to discourage capital inflows the strategy has certainly been successful. And the movement could well continue because China seems to be in disarray as it faces a major problem: mopping up excess private debt in the economy while maintaining growth. It is a tall task and growing evidence suggests that the 2014 GDP growth target of 7.5% is becoming less and less credible.
Global Inflation – Disinflation Is Gaining Ground Across the Globe
At the global level, disinflation is gaining ground. After a temporary rebound during spring, global inflation continued its downtrend in the second half of 2013 and ended the year at 3.2%. Inflation remains very weak in the developed world, at 1.3% in December, and has also sagged in many emerging markets in recent months, to finish 2013 at 6.1%.
In fact, as of December 2013, nearly half the countries (39) in our sample of 80 countries had inflation rates of less than 2%, which is markedly higher than a year ago (24). These figures have seen the addition of a growing number of Asian economies (6), the United States and Canada as well as all 27 members of the EU – without exception. Moreover, the number of countries with moderate inflation (3-4%) decreased sharply while the proportion of high-inflation economies (>6%) has not changed considerably and includes African countries and conflict-plagued countries for the most part.
- Disinflation Is Gaining Ground Across the Globe
- Commodity Prices Easing
- Price Picture Still Mixed in EMs
- Deflation Risk Remains High in the West
- United States, Not Quite in the Clear Yet
- Euro Area, Deflation Risk Spreading to Core
- Imports, an Additional Source of Disinflation
- Increase in Real Interest Rates, the Bigger Threat
Shift Afoot in China?
Just noise or a real signal? The hypothesis that the sudden drop in the Chinese currency in recent days is unlikely to have major repercussions and has been orchestrated by the authorities in the sole aim of curbing speculative currency flows on the currency, is not completely unfounded given the wide-scale efforts to eradicate the growing sources of shadow banking. Assuming the hypothesis is true, the move would be a sea change, and a worrisome development for a number of domestic sectors that are heavily-dependent on foreign financing, although one with no major direct consequences on other countries.
However, the reasons liable to underpin a strategic shift with a view to provoking the yuan’s depreciation are more than sufficient to support the theory that a forex policy shift is afoot in Beijing – with much more potential damage occurring abroad. After two years of near-continuous increases, the appreciation of the Chinese currency is a major handicap for the country and cannot, by all accounts, continue indefinitely. Consequently, the time of the much-feared policy shift, which we have been fearing for several quarters now, may have finally come (for more on this subject “2013-2014 Scenario: The Financial Crisis, Act III… and Epilogue?”).