Le climat des affaires allemand tangue, le commerce sombre

25 janvier 2021 par Thomas BAUER

La plupart des indicateurs de climat des affaires de l’IFO pour l’Allemagne affichent des baisses plutôt faibles en janvier, à l’exemple de l’indice composite, qui s’établit à 90 après un recul de deux points de ses deux composantes, « perspectives » et « situation courante ». Son niveau, en revanche, reste toujours très faible, contredisant un PMI composite à 50,8, soit en territoire de croissance. L’occasion ici de rappeler la difficulté d’analyser, en termes d’activité économique, les indicateurs de climat des affaires de façon absolue. L’IFO est resté sous les 100 depuis la mi-2019, quand bien même la croissance au T3 2020 a été exceptionnelle, tandis que les PMI n’ont cessé d’afficher une valeur supérieure à 50 depuis la fin du premier confinement, malgré une dégradation de la situation sanitaire depuis la fin de l’année. Reste que les deux indicateurs s’accordent sur certains points du diagnostic : si le reconfinement a eu un impact franchement négatif sur l’activité, son ampleur en janvier demeure limitée par rapport aux restrictions précédentes, pour ce qui est de l’activité globale, du moins.

You need to be logged in to view the rest of the content. Veuillez . Not a Member? Nous Rejoindre

ECB: forced to miss its turn again households_confidence

5 mars 2018 par Véronique Riches-Flores

Following the last monetary policy meeting on 25 January, there had been an increasing number of statements suggesting growing discomfort with the status quo advocated by Mario Draghi and his chief economist Peter Praet. Looking at the various comments, and particularly the optimistic tone of Benoît Cœuré, it seemed that the ECB would soon adjust its policy to provide less support to the economy. Since its asset purchase programme was scheduled to last until late September, many expected that, this spring, the ECB would state its intention to end the programme, and some even thought that it would mention a possible timetable for raising official interest rates in 2019. It therefore seemed that rates would rise, the yield curve would steepen, banks would enjoy better conditions and the euro would continue rising. However, the resulting euphoria did not last long. With a few days to go until the 8 March monetary policy meeting, the prospect of the ECB changing direction seems increasingly remote.

The rising euro is taking more wind than expected out of eurozone inflation’s sails

4 décembre 2017 par Véronique Riches-Flores

Until now, economists have not been particularly worried by the euro’s rise since the beginning of the year, given that business trends and confidence in future growth had gained momentum. At less than $1.20 since mid-summer, the euro is trading well below certain past levels and also more in line with its purchasing power parity. Recent data indicate, however, that the single currency’s appreciation has had a significant impact on corporate margins and on import prices, resulting in a reduction of core inflation rates in the eurozone. This is relatively disconcerting at this stage in the business cycle and may be behind the sluggish stock markets of the past few months.

The euro’s exchange rate is the ECB’s main concern, and so forging ahead on its chosen path is understandable

30 octobre 2017 par Véronique Riches-Flores

When, in September, Mario Draghi mentioned the euro exchange rate as one of the factors likely to influence the ECB’s monetary policy – alongside inflation and growth – few economists took him seriously. The euro’s rally since the spring, along with the obvious risk of a further rise if the ECB tightens monetary policy, meant that some caution was needed and made it acceptable to bend the previously established rule that the ECB bore no responsibility for the euro’s exchange rate. Seven weeks later, there no longer seemed to be any concern about this issue. Not only did eurozone economies, posting very good economic figures, appear to have coped with the euro’s rally, but the Fed had also clarified its strategy, reducing the risk of a further rise in the euro. As a result, the ECB was in theory able to relieve itself of the exchange-rate burden and make a more decisive commitment to bring its policy gradually back to normal.

China – The mortgaged future of the world’s biggest economy and the authoritarian temptation

23 octobre 2017 par Véronique Riches-Flores

During the five years of President Xi Jinping’s first term, Chinese economic growth was 7.1% p.a. on average, the lowest of the last 25 years, but the strongest of all emerging markets and even stronger when compared with developed countries. After climbing to first place in the global ranking in 2013, the Chinese economy has only widened the gap with the United States. Its GDP in purchasing power parity terms was 20% greater than that of the US in 2016. China has no lack of first-place distinctions. With more than 18% of the world’s GDP and a population of 1.4 billion, the highest in the world, China has taken first place in many areas as its economy has grown. And it is probably not ready to stop, even if its growth is showing structural decline.

Janet Yellen: a hawk among doves

12 octobre 2017 par Véronique Riches-Flores

Far from confirming the determination to tighten monetary policy shown by Janet Yellen after the Fed’s monetary policy meeting in September, the minutes from the FOMC’s latest meeting show that its members remain highly undecided with respect to ongoing low inflation and the need to raise interest rates further before having confirmation that low inflation is a temporary phenomenon. Fed Chair Janet Yellen is now a hawk within the FOMC, whereas she had previously been a dove: as well as being intriguing, this U-turn creates doubt about the future direction of US monetary policy.

The argument that a weak dollar explains the outperformance of emerging markets is, well, weak

4 septembre 2017 par Véronique Riches-Flores

Since the beginning of the year, the MSCI Emerging Markets has advanced by 25%, and is now flirting with its August 2014 level. This follows two disastrous years during which the index lost up to 30% of its value. Even though it has been amplified by the weak dollar, this performance illustrates how emerging markets have come alive again over the past three months. In local currency, Brazil and Turkey, the most dynamic of them, have risen by 7-12%, while the vast majority of the others—Colombia, China, South Africa, Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Russia—have seen 4-8% rises. In other words, emerging markets have been more or less spared the upheavals affecting the developed world since the middle of the summer. This outperformance is often attributed to the beneficial effects of the decline in the dollar, but the real causes seem more complex. Let’s take a look.

Wage rigidity to low unemployment: an aberration? Not really.

4 juillet 2017 par Véronique Riches-Flores

Central bankers and economists seem baffled by the fact that wages are failing to accelerate in economies where low unemployment is pointing to full employment, which traditionally means rising pressure on wages. In response, central banks are on the alert, fearing that this apparent anomaly will correct itself any time, possibly resulting in a sudden acceleration in pay for which they might be unprepared. In Germany, the unemployment rate is at a post-reunification low of 5.7% and the Bundesbank has been watching this risk closely for almost two years.