The appreciating euro or the competitive deflation trap

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You heard it here first: the euro would not drop versus the dollar and could even increase. And here we are. During trading yesterday, the euro flirted with USD 1.40, its highest level since October 2011 after gaining in excess of 7% since the start of the year. This is a worrying development, which could erase nearly all of the support that improving global conditions have provided to exports.

Two reasons explain why our forecasts, unlike the market consensus, never strayed from the EUR 1.40/euro exchange rate in the past two years:

• the first is rooted in our skepticism with regard to 1) the consensus that the US economy is presumably in good health and 2) anticipations that the Fed would normalize its monetary policy in response to the expected improvement.

• the second is grounded in the side effects of the competitive deflation policies carried out by the EMU countries. The shrinking inflation gap between the euro area and the rest of the world, resulting from these policies, protects the currency’s purchasing power. Consequently, these policies offer de facto support to the euro, particularly versus the greenback whose value is automatically diluted by the massive scale of pump priming in recent years.

Therefore, it is hardly surprising that the recent disappointments on American growth have pushed the euro higher, especially since the ECB dashed all hopes of additional monetary easing last week.

Germany’s Minimum Wage: A New Deal, But What Kind of New Deal?

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It isn’t easy to get a clear sense of how the introduction of a statutory minimum wage in Germany will play out. From one angle of vision, it should raise household disposable income and at the same time contribute to a much-needed rebalancing in the euro area. From another perspective, such a guaranteed minimum is likely to trigger an upward wage trend that couldn’t happen at a worse time for German manufacturers who are increasingly struggling to keep exports up. Assuming the Social Democratic Party (SPD) membership approves the deal between the coalition partners on December 17, two basic trends should help us determine the relative weights of these factors and grasp the implications of such a move:

  • The extent to which wage increases spread to export industries, which already pay considerably higher wages than the agreed-upon minimum,
  • Whether or not international demand for capital goods will recover. If it doesn’t, Germany will inevitably slip from its position as a leading exporter and will be unable to power the euro area economy.

On both scores, the introduction of a minimum wage will mean radical change in relation to the pre-euro era—not only for Germany, but for the entire currency bloc.